Both routers and LLM abstraction layers (also called frameworks) sit between you and the model.

A router decides which model or tool should handle the request. An example is OpenRouter, which can route requests to one of hundreds of different models with just one unified API.

LLM frameworks provide an abstraction layer over different model providers. Instead of writing separate code for every provider, you can use one framework interface and swap models more easily. Key examples are LangChain, which is heavyweight, and LiteLLM, which is more lightweight.

ConceptMain jobAnalogy
AI routerChooses where the request goesRailway signal box
AI abstraction layerMakes different systems easier to useUniversal travel card
LiteLLM: https://www.litellm.ai/
Langchain: https://www.langchain.com/
OpenRouter: https://openrouter.ai/

LiteLLM

tell_a_joke = [
    {"role": "user", "content": "Tell a joke for a student on the journey to becoming an expert in LLM Engineering"},
]
 
from litellm import completion
response = completion(model="openai/gpt-5.1", messages=tell_a_joke)
reply = response.choices[0].message.content
reply