Agentic AI tools like OpenClaw (formerly ClawdBot / MoltBot) introduce a new category of security risk. Because these agents run persistently with access to files, email, APIs and online services, they present a much larger attack surface than traditional software.

Key Threat Categories (as of Feb 2026)

ThreatDescription
Infostealer / Credential theftMalware (e.g. Vidar variants) scans config directories for keywords like “token” and “private key”, exfiltrating gateway tokens and API keys from files like openclaw.json
Prompt injectionMalicious instructions hidden in web pages, emails or documents hijack the agent’s behaviour, causing it to exfiltrate credentials without triggering conventional alerts
Remote code execution (RCE)Hundreds of thousands of exposed OpenClaw instances have been found, creating pivot points for attackers who can execute arbitrary code via a single exposed service
Malicious third-party skillsBad actors upload poisoned skills to ClawHub, sometimes bypassing VirusTotal by hosting payloads on lookalike sites rather than embedding them in SKILL.md files
Memory poisoningAdversarial instructions planted in an agent’s long-term memory persist across sessions, causing it to take harmful actions days or weeks after the initial compromise
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Learning Resources

PriorityCourseProviderWhy Relevant
⭐ Best pickAI Security: Security in the Age of Artificial IntelligenceCourseraCovers end-to-end AI system security, adversarial attacks, and AI-specific threat models — directly maps to prompt injection and agentic attack surfaces
⭐⭐ Runner-upCyber Security: Security of AIMacquarie UniversityEmerging threats targeting AI systems, adversarial attack defence, evaluating AI security controls. Updated July 2025
⭐⭐⭐ SupplementaryIBM Generative AI for Cybersecurity ProfessionalsIBMFocuses on real-world breach case studies, NLP-based attack techniques, and mitigating attacks on generative AI models — covers the credential-theft angle
CourseWhy Relevant
Search: “AI security” or “prompt injection”LinkedIn Learning’s catalogue in this area is thinner than Coursera’s; check for updated 2025/2026 courses on AI agent security as the catalogue is growing quickly

Free

ResourceFormatWhy Relevant
OWASP Top 10 for LLM ApplicationsReference docPrompt injection is #1 on the 2025 list. The definitive taxonomy — maps precisely to every OpenClaw vulnerability category
OpenAI: Understanding Prompt InjectionsArticleConcise, practical explanation of direct vs indirect prompt injection with defensive guidance. 15–20 min read
Lakera: Indirect Prompt InjectionArticleDeep dive into how injections ride data flows (PDFs, emails, RAG docs, memory) — the exact mechanism used against OpenClaw
Stellar Cyber: Top Agentic AI Security Threats in 2026ArticleCovers prompt injection, memory poisoning, supply chain attacks — practical CISO-level framing

Suggested Learning Path

  1. Start → OWASP LLM Top 10 (free, ~2 hrs) — build the threat taxonomy
  2. Then → OpenAI and Lakera articles (free, ~1 hr) — understand prompt injection in depth
  3. Then → Coursera: AI Security: Security in the Age of Artificial Intelligence — structured, in-depth treatment
  4. Optional → IBM Generative AI for Cybersecurity — if you want deeper coverage of the malware/credential-theft angle

Sources

  • BleepingComputer, Feb 2026 — Infostealer malware found stealing OpenClaw secrets
  • The Hacker News, Feb 2026 — Infostealer Steals OpenClaw AI Agent Configuration Files
  • Aikido Security — Why Trying to Secure OpenClaw is Ridiculous
  • SecurityScorecard STRIKE Team — Exposed OpenClaw Instances Report